Miss Debbie's mini English Lessons Vol. 3
"The Present Perfect Tense
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The Present Perfect verb tense is one of the most difficult of all tenses for two reasons: 1) most languages do not have this tense and 2) the structure is confusing because the present tense uses a past participle. In English, however, the present perfect tense is used a lot. Let's clarify the Present Perfect tense.
Examples of the present perfect tense:
I have painted my room bright green.
The client has already paid the bill.
Have you ever been to New Orleans?
Meaning:
I have painted my room (in the very recent past) and it is now done being painted...
The client has (in the very recent past/just) paid the bill. The bill is currently paid.
Have you ever been to New Orleans at any time before now? The time could have been in the recent or any time in the past. This refers to an experience.
How to form the Present Perfect:
Has or have (present tense) + the past participle
SIMPLE FORM | SIMPLE PAST | PAST PARTICIPLE | PRESENT PARTICIPLE |
paint | painted | painted | painting |
pay | paid | paid | paying |
be | was | been | being |
hope | hoped | hoped | hoping |
see | saw | seen | seeing |
I have hoped to see the Statue of Liberty for many years.
Meaning: I started hoping to see the statue at some unspecified time in the past and I still hope to see the Statue now.
He has seen the new office this morning. Meaning: He saw the new office and it is still morning. The emphasis is that he saw the office at an undefined time this morning in the past but recently → this morning.
KEY ADVERBS:
yet, already, this morning/year/decade, since, for, ever, never, before, recently
With these adverbs, you will probably use the present perfect.
I haven't finished the book yet.
She has already completed the assignment.
They have lived in Portland for three years.
- Unfinished time- I have written fourteen emails this week. It is still this week. I have written fourteen emails at unspecified times this week up until now. It's possible I may write more.
- Experience- I have studied abroad. When is not important. We don't know when. Anytime in the past.
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