1. An action started in the past and continues to the present.
Riku and Tatsuya have known each other since they were children.
They knew each other in the past and they still know each other now.
2. An action or experience happened at an unspecified time in the past.
I have eaten tonkatsu. We don’t know when.
I ate tonkatsu last week. Last week is a specific time in the past, so we use the simple past tense.
3. A repeated action during a time that is not yet finished.
I have been to the gym three times this week. "This week" is not finished.
4. An action that was recently finished.
I've just finished my homework.
The homework was recently finished.
Key words often used with the present perfect are: already, yet, still, since, ever, and just.
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