Plagiarism is simply taking someone else's ideas and representing them as your own. When writing an academic paper, this is a very important (and difficult) concept to understand and navigate. It's important because academic institutions in the U.S. take plagiarism very seriously. If you plagiarize, you could get a zero grade on your paper, get dismissed from class, or in severe cases, you could even get expelled from the school. For these reasons, it's crucial you understand how to avoid plagiarizing. Just recognizing different facets of plagiarism will help you on this journey of crediting your sources.
A research paper includes getting ideas from others who have written about your topic. This is usually in the form of websites, journal articles, and books on your topic. In fact, it is important to include others’ work to show that you have done your research. When you use someone else’s work, you need to acknowledge that the idea is theirs, with a reference to the original author of the work.
Plagiarism 1-2-3
There are three ways to include someone else's work in your paper: summarize, paraphrase, and quote.
Summarize. When you summarize, you put the main points of someone else’s ideas in your own words. You write the gist of what that author is saying. Typically, a summary is about one third the length of the entire passage you are summarizing.
Paraphrase. When paraphrasing, the meaning from the original source is the same, but the writer puts the meaning into their own words. In a paraphrase, include the main ideas as well as key details. A paraphrase is usually 80-90% the length of the original source.
Quote. When quoting, you put the exact same words in you text and surround it with quotation marks. In this case, not even one word is changed from the original, so the length of a quote is 100% of the original.
All three of the above situations require you to acknowledge the author in two places: in-text and at the end of your paper in either a Work Cited (MLA) or a Reference (APA) page. Your in-text citation looks something like this: Goss (2018) points out that "it's crucial you understand how to avoid plagiarizing." Avoiding plagiarizing is a skill that needs lots of practice and persistence. Be aware of this important aspect of academic writing, work on it, and you'll find that you will improve with each paper you write.
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