Yoshikaの英語ワンポイントレッスン Vol. 31
これはタメになると大好評!ネイティブのカウンセラーによる英語ワンポイントレッスン! 今月のトピックは、"be動詞"です。
"To be"
The verb "to be" has to be one of the most challenging verbs to understand and master for most international students. It comes in different forms and the user must be aware of when those forms should be used. Here is a lesson on the verb "to be."
In the present tense:
Singular | Plural |
I am |
We are |
You are |
You are |
He/she/it is |
They are |
In the past tense:
Singular | Plural |
I was |
We were |
You were |
You were |
He/she/it was |
They were |
Past participle: I have been.
Present participle: I am being.
Remember that singular subjects require singular verbs, and plural subjects require plural verbs. We will go into the difference between "is" and "are" next month.
Questions: when asking a question, the verb and the subject are inverted.
Is your sister taller than you?
Am I bothering you?
Were you tired from the tennis match?
Stand alone: Typically, the verb "to be" works in conjunction with another (action) verb. "He is playing..." "She will be arriving…" etc. However, sometimes it can stand alone, especially in simple, brief answers:
"Who is going to the gym with me?" "I am."
"Who is responsible for this assignment?" "She is."
Time: The verb can also be used to indicate the time of action:
- Water is being pumped from the well. (present)
- Some books were removed from the library. (past)
Unnecessary uses of “to be": All too often "to be" verbs can be over-used. Make sure to examine your uses. See if you can remove the "to be" verb from a sentence to see if the sentence can still make sense.
- He wanted a medication that was prescribed by a physician.
- She recognized the officer who was chasing the crook.
- Anyone who is willing to work hard will succeed in the program.
Fuzzy verb phrases: Here are also some verb phrases that are used in stuffy writing; or writing that is meant to sound good. See the simple verb in parentheses.
Be abusive of (abuse)
Be applicable to (apply to)
Be benefited by (benefit from)
Be derived from (derive from)
Be determinative of (determine)
Be in agreement (agree)
Be in attendance (attend)
Be indicative of (indicate)
Be in error (err)
Be in existence (exist)
Be influential on (influence)
Be in possession of (possess)
Be in receipt of (have received)
Be in violation of (violate)
Be supportive of (support)
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