The difference between a coordinating adjective and a cumulative adjective is fairly simple. It is important to recognize the difference, though, because these two types of adjectives are punctuated differently.
Look at the way the adjective is functioning in the sentence. If each adjective in a list of adjectives can modify a noun directly, it is called a coordinate adjective. Let's look at a sample sentence with a series of coordinate adjectives.
I just read an interesting, mysterious, and funny book.
These are coordinate nouns because we could say:
I just read an interesting book, and I just read a mysterious book, and I just read a funny book.
Or, I could say:
I just read an interesting and mysterious and funny book.
Notice that in each of the above cases, I can use the word and between the adjectives. They are joined with a coordinating conjunction and. Now look at how the adjectives are functioning in this sentence:
We made her a big dark chocolate cheesecake for her birthday.
These are cumulative adjectives because they require a certain order that cannot be changed. For example, we cannot say:
We made her a chocolate dark big cheesecake for her birthday.
In spoken English, differentiation is not necessary, but in written English, we must use a comma between coordinate adjectives.
And there you have it!
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